The Awakening of the East

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

PART I.—SIBERIA

I. THE ORIGINS OF RUSSIAN EXPANSION IN SIBERIA AND THE NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COUNTRY 1

II. THE LAND OF SIBERIA AND ITS INHABITANTS 9

III. AGRICULTURAL SIBERIA AND THE RURAL POPULATION 17

IV. MINERAL RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES 27

V. SIBERIAN COMMERCE AND THE TRANSPORT OF TEA 31

VI. SIBERIAN TOWNS 38

VII. IMMIGRATION 43

VIII. MEANS OF COMMUNICATION IN SIBERIA 56

IX. THE TRANS-SIBERIAN RAILWAY 64

X. THE RAILWAY THROUGH MANCHURIA 71

XI. THE ALTERED RELATIONS BETWEEN EUROPE AND THE FAR EAST RESULTING FROM THE TRANS-SIBERIAN RAILWAY 76

PART II.—JAPAN

I. THE ORIGIN AND PAST HISTORY OF JAPAN 81

II. JAPAN AND THE REVOLUTION OF 1868 97

III. MODERN JAPAN 110

IV. JAPANESE INDUSTRY 118

V. RURAL JAPAN 125

VI. DEVELOPMENT OF JAPANESE COMMERCE 135

VII. THE FINANCES OF JAPAN 143

VIII. THE DOMESTIC POLITICS AND PARLIAMENT OF JAPAN 154

IX. JAPAN’S FOREIGN POLICY AND HER MILITARY POWER 164

X. THE FUTURE OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION IN JAPAN—RELATIONS BETWEEN JAPANESE AND FOREIGNERS 171

PART III.—CHINA

I. THE CHINESE PROBLEM 183

II. THE CAPITAL OF CHINA 188

III. THE COUNTRY IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF PEKING—NUMEROUS SIGNS OF THE DECLINE OF THE EMPIRE 198

IV. THE LITERARY AND MANDARIN CLASS—PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF THE DECADENCE OF THE EMPIRE 204

V. THE CHINESE PEOPLE AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS 212

VI. FOREIGNERS IN CHINA—THE ATTITUDE OF THE CHINESE TOWARDS WESTERN CIVILIZATION 228

VII. THE POSITION AND WORK OF FOREIGNERS IN CHINA 234

VIII. CHINA AND THE POWERS 242

IX. RUSSIA, FRANCE, AND ENGLAND IN THE FAR EAST IN 1895–97 253

X. CHINA AND THE POWERS 1897–99—‘SPHERES OF INFLUENCE,’ AND THE ‘OPEN DOOR’ 266

XI. THE FUTURE OF CHINA—MAINTENANCE OR PARTITION OF THE CELESTIAL EMPIRE? 276

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