With the Empress Dowager of China

Title: With the Empress Dowager of China
Author: Katharine A. Carl
Contents
Chapter I.
My Presentation and First Day at the Chinese Court
Drive Out to the Summer Palace—Presentation—Beginning the Portrait—Luncheon—The Palace Theater—My Pavilion within the Precincts.
Chapter II.
Personal Appearance of Her Majesty—A Chinese Repast—Boating
Second Sitting—The Siesta—Her Majesty’s Barge—A Promenade on the Lake.
Chapter III.
The Palace of the Emperor’s Father
A Chinese Palace—Gardens—The Chinese Poem—Tombstones of Pets—The Highway from Peking to the Summer Palace—Chinese Modes of Locomotion—The Seventh Prince.
Chapter IV.
Her Majesty’s Throne-room
Clocks—Third Sitting—A Promenade in the Gardens—The Orchard—The Empress Dowager’s Love of Flowers—Customs as to Fruits and Flowers.
Chapter V.
The Young Empress and Ladies of the Court
The Young Empress—The Secondary Wife—The Princesses—Children by Adoption—Chinese Widows—The Princess Imperial—The Relationships of the Princesses of the Blood—The Maids and Tiring-women—Women of the Eighth Banner—The Chinese Woman at Court—Slaves.
Chapter VI.
Continuation of the Portrait
Advantages and Disadvantages of Painting in the Throne-room—The Empress Dowager’s Voice—Chinese Opinion as to Portraits of Royalty—Walks with Her Majesty—Her Dogs—Their Pavilions—Cats—The Empress Dowager’s Gift of “Me-lah.”
Chapter VII.
Festivities at Court
The Celebration of His Majesty’s Birthday—Invitation from the Empress Dowager to be Present—Birthday Plays—The Imperial Actors—Birthday Decorations of the Palace Courts and Buildings—Presents—First Gala Performance—Luncheon in the Court of the Theater—The Mat-sheds at the Palace—Visitors—Chinese Courtesy—The Imperial Theater at Summer Palace—Actresses—Customs of Manchu Women.
Chapter VIII.
His Majesty the Emperor
Beginning of his Reign—The Name of an Emperor—The Manchu Dynasty—Personality of the Emperor—Appearance—His Orientalism—His Dreams of Progress—His Edicts—Despatches—The Emperor’s Palace and Attendants—His Studies and Talents—Early Rising—His Meals—Conventionalities Observed—Dislike of Public Functions.
Chapter IX.
The Emperor’s Birthday
Morning Salutations—His Majesty’s Throne-room—The Imperial Pearl-Buttons Denoting Rank of Officials—Manchu Buttons—“Lever” of the Empress Dowager—Court Costume—Young Empress in Court Attire—Going in State to Audience Hall—Official Congratulation by High Officials and Princes—The Young Empress’s Palace—Presentation of Jade Emblem (Ruyie)—Young Empress’s Official Congratulation to the Emperor—Simplicity of Attire of Empress Dowager—Grand Theatrical Representation at Palace Theater—Imperial Congratulatory Poem—Splendid Costumes—Luncheon in the Court of the Theater—Children at Court—The Emperor’s Presents to the Manchu Nobles and High Officials—The Finale at the Theater—Spectacular Procession—Thanks of the Princes and Nobles—Bowing to the “Great Ancestress”—The Procession to the Hall of Ancestral Tablets.
Chapter X.
Peking—The Sea Palace
His Majesty’s Sacrifice to his Ancestors—The Empress Dowager’s Favorite Summer-house—The Sacred Picture—The United States Legation at Peking—Mrs. Conger’s Relations with Chinese Ladies—The Sea Palace—The Boats of the Lake—Our Resting-place at the Sea Palace—Promenade on the Lake—The Eunuch Li-Wun-ti—Memory—Story-telling—The Island—Temple Gardens—Two Temples—Cathedral within the Precincts—Theater.
Chapter XI.
Some Characteristics of Her Majesty—Second Visit to the Sea Palace
The Empress Dowager’s Magnetic Personality—Interesting Study—Her Chinese Appellations—Hall of Mongolian Princes—Dragon Wall—Fruits Sent to the Palace—Repast at the Sea Palace—Promenade in the Train of Her Majesty—The Imperial Gourds—A Promenade in the Rain—Rest in Hall of Mongolian Princes—Archery in China—The Sunset Call.
Chapter XII.
Return to the Summer Palace
The Empress Dowager as a Psychological Study—Seeing Her Face to Face—Work on Portrait Resumed—Easels and Cases for Materials for Work on Sacred Picture—Walks—Refreshments for the Promenades—Imperial Tea—The Empress Dowager’s Tea and Tea-cups—Her Deftness with her Fingers—Her Thoughtfulness.
Chapter XIII.
The Steam-launch—Semi-annual Sacrifices to Confucius
Chinese Tolerance in Religious Matters—Halls of Confucius—The Odes to Peace—Burning the Offerings.
Chapter XIV.
The Palace Eunuchs
Their Grades—The Chief Eunuchs—Li Lien Ying—His Power with the Courtiers—“L’Eminence Grise” of the Court—The Shut-in Position of Chinese Imperial Rulers—Need of an Unofficial Messenger—Personal Appearance of Li Lien Ying—Sui, Her Majesty’s Second Eunuch—Punishment of Eunuchs—Pupils—Opium Smoking—Pets—Good Manners of the Eunuchs.
Chapter XV.
Literary Tastes and Accomplishments of the Empress Dowager
The Empress of the Eastern Palace—Co-Regency—Her Majesty’s Literary Tastes—Her Love of Heroic Poems—Her Memory—The Chinese Joan of Arc—The Empress, Widow of Tung-Chih—The Empress Dowager’s Reader and her Favorite Authors—Her Love of the Theater—Her Humor—A Great Stickler for Purity of Language—Li-Hung-Chang’s Chinese—How the Empress Dowager Speaks It—Her Writing of the Great Characters—The Chinese Written Character—Painting—Embroidery—Her Designs for Floral Decorations—Cultivation of her Person—The Empress Dowager an Epicure—Her Soaps and Perfumes—Her Personal Magnetism as a Power over Animals—The Escaped Bird—The Katydid.
Chapter XVI.
The Great Audience Hall
Hours of the Audiences—The Audience Hall at Summer Palace—Its Interior—Ancient and Modern Thrones and Dais—Audiences of Heads of Departments—The Grand Council—Official Despatches—Telegrams—The Cushions for Members of the Grand Council—Special Audiences—The Introducing Eunuch—Amusing Subterfuge of Officials at Audience—The Young Emperor and Tiresome Official—Sacred Quality of the Imperial Person—Mode of Address of Courtiers—The Kow-tow.
Chapter XVII.
The Summer Palace
The Empress Dowager’s Favorite Palace—The Marble Terrace—The Hills of the Summer Palace—The Temple of the Ten Thousand Buddhas—Memorial Arches—The Marble Bridge—The Canals—Camel-back Bridges—Chinese Architecture—Utilitarian Spirit of the Chinese—Flowers and Fields in the Park of Summer Palace—Grand Peony Mountain—The Sacred Buddha-Temple of the Ten Thousand Buddhas—Ruins of Old Summer Palace—Views from the Summer Palace Belvederes—When Their Majesties Go Abroad.
Chapter XVIII.
Festival of the Harvest Moon
The Chinese Love of Festivals—The Fruit of Immortality—The Little Handmaiden and her White Rabbit—The Play at the Palace Theater on the Mid-Autumn Festival—Dinner in the Imperial Loge—Procession to the Moonlit Terrace—Floral Pai-lou to the Moon—“Bowing” to the Moon—The Poem to the Moon—The Burnt-Offering—Return to the Palace on the Moonlit Lake—Continuation of the Portrait—Some Disadvantages of Too Much Pleasure—Hospitality of the Empress Dowager—Chinese Conventions and Traditions—Wonderful Opportunities for Picturesqueness in Painting the Empress Dowager—Restrictions Imposed by Chinese Tradition—First Exhibition of the “Sacred Picture”—Description of First Portrait of the Empress Dowager—How I Should Have Liked to Paint Her.
Chapter XIX.
A Garden Party
Reception to the Diplomatic Corps and Ladies of the Legation—The Ceremony of Reception of the Ladies—The Empress Dowager’s Cordiality—Taking Tea in the Audience Hall—Luncheon in the Throne-room—Promenade on the Lake—Visit to the Palace and Temple on the Island—The Marble Boat—Lack of Harmony among the Guests at Garden Party—Chinese Comment on our Costumes and Appearance—Dislike of Blonde Hair.
Chapter XX.
Beginning a Second Portrait of the Empress Dowager
Putting the Characters Representing Her Majesty’s Titles and her Two Seals on the Portrait—Beginning the Small Portrait—Toilette d’Intimité—“Hailo” and “Shadza”—The Palace Painters—Their Manner of Working—New Variety of Chrysanthemum—The “Peafowl Feather”—The Audience Hall Pianos—Her Majesty’s Ideas of Dancing.
Chapter XXI.
A European Circus at the Palace
The Posters—Sites for the Ring—The Turnip Field—Their Majesties Go in State across the Lake—The Houseboats—The Young Empress’s State Boat—The Imperial Loges at the Circus—Invited Officials—Bands of Music—A Glimpse of the Manchu Princes and Some High Officials—The Son of the Imperial Princess—The Opera Glasses of Their Majesties—What Interested Them Most.
Chapter XXII.
Palace Customs
Early Rising—When the Empress Dowager Sleeps—Her Bedroom—Irregular Hours except for the Audience—Domestic Duties—Her Favorite Game—Her Luck—Her Meals—Conventions Observed at the Empress Dowager’s Table—Her Dishes—The Hour of the Siesta—Her Promenades—The Days of the Theater—When Their Majesties Dine Together—Rigorous Observance of Fasts at the Table of the Empress Dowager—Court Etiquette—The Graceful Bow—Rigid Observance of Court Customs—Her Majesty’s Reproof of Too Indulgent Mother.
Chapter XXIII.
Her Majesty’s Anxiety—Her Birthday
Her Anxiety—Exterior and Interior Troubles—Preparations for Her Majesty’s Birthday—Her Desire to Have Everything as Simple as Possible and to Spare Expense—The Emperor’s Wish to Celebrate with the Usual Pomp, and Desire to Bestow a New Title upon the Empress Dowager—Difference of Her Majesty’s Interest in her Own and the Emperor’s Birthday—When She Received the Congratulations—Early Hour of Congratulation—The Interior of the Throne-room and Decorations for the Birthday—Winter Court Dress of the Ladies—The Empress Dowager’s Fatigue.
Chapter XXIV.
The Winter Palace
The Empress Dowager’s Love of the Summer Palace—Return to Peking—Young Empress and Ladies Precede and Receive Her on the Threshold of her Own Throne-room—City of Peking, the Palace within the Forbidden City—Its many Walls within Walls—The Guard-Houses—The Ceremony of Reception—The Throne-room of the Winter Palace—The Interior Dome—Her Majesty’s Sitting-room—Private Chapel—Portraits of Queen Victoria—The Three Great Halls—The Spirit-Stairway—The Central Hall—Presents from European Royalties—Where I was to Paint—The Emperor’s Precincts—Tradition at the Winter Palace.
Chapter XXV.
Peking—Beginning the Portrait for St. Louis
Legation Quarter—Morning Ride to the Palace—Splendid Walls of the Palace and City—The Streets in the Forbidden City—A Funeral—The Mongolians—Beggars at the Gate—Unsatisfactoriness of Studio at Winter Palace—Her Majesty Orders It Remodeled—Beginning Portrait for St. Louis—Imperial Paraphernalia and Insignia of Royalty—Importance of Propriety—The Throne—Her Majesty’s Costume for the Portrait—Pearl Mantle—First Sketch—Stretching the Great Canvas.
Chapter XXVI.
Some Social Customs
Manchu Ladies of the Palace—Presentation, on Their Marriage, of Manchu Noblewomen—Bridal Costume—Sedan Chairs—By Whom Bride is Presented—The Young Empress’s Graciousness—A Daughter in a Manchu Family—Comparison of Manchu and American Girl—The Unmarried Daughter of the Manchus—Her Position in the Family—Social Qualities—The Manchu Men—Sports—Costume—Young Dandies—Concubinage—Early Marriages of Men—Secondary Wives—The Family—Secondary Wives of an Emperor—Their Rank—Position in the Palace—Title.
Chapter XXVII.
Present-Giving
The Palace as the Heart of Empire—Occasions on which Presents are Given (Private, Official, and Festivals)—Style of Presents Given by the Empress Dowager—Presents to the Ladies of Legation—Birthday Presents—Some Presents Received by Me from Her Majesty.
Chapter XXVIII.
Some Winter Days at the Palace
The Portrait for America—Details and Accessories of the Same—Days at the Palace—The Meals in Winter—Winter Evenings—Learning Chinese—Occupations of the Ladies—The Young Empress’s Birthday—Days of Mourning at the Palace—Anniversary of Death of the Emperor Tung-Chih—The Empress Dowager’s Sorrow.
Chapter XXIX.
Religious Rites
The Three Great Religions—The Temple of Heaven—The Emperor as High Priest—Preparations for the Sacrifice to Heaven—Buddhism and Taoism—Confucius—Origin of Chinese Religious Ceremonies—Vitality of China as a Nation—Its Amalgamation of Conquering Races—The Manchus—Some Nature Worship—The Festival of the Awakening of Spring at the Palace—Guardians of the Cocoons.
Chapter XXX.
Her Majesty the Empress Dowager
Her Family—Presentation at Court—Fifth Wife of the Emperor Hsien-Feng—Favorite of Empress Mother and First Wife—Birth of a Son—Death of Emperor Hsien-Feng—Empress of Western Palace—Co-Regents for Young Emperor Tung-Chih—Friendliness of the Two Co-Regents—State of China at Beginning of Regency—Intrigue—The Anti-foreign Princes—Prince Kung—First Political Act of Young Empress of Western Palace—Support of the Princes of the Blood—The Emperor Tung-Chih Begins to Reign—Death of Tung-Chih—Resumption of the Regency by the Empress Dowager—Minority of Kwang-Hsu—Death of Empress of Eastern Palace—Policy of Empress Dowager—The Emperor Kwang-Hsu Begins to Reign—His Policy—The War with Japan—Change of Policy by the Emperor—The Progress Party—The Ultra-Conservatives—Return from Retirement of the Empress Dowager—The Emperor’s Edict—So-called Coup d’État—Rout of Progress Party—Punishment of Ringleaders—Effect on the Emperor—Reign of Emperor “Assisted” by Empress Dowager—The Secret Society of the Boxers—Its Growth—Boxers in the Capital—Boxers among the Princes of the Blood—The Outbreak in Peking—Reported Cause of Outbreak—The Emperor and Empress Dowager’s Attempt to Check Movement—The Imperial Military Forces—Position of Legation Quarter in Peking—British Legation—Return of Their Majesties to Peking—Edicts Issued—Arrival of Allies in Peking—Flight of Her Majesty and the Court—The Route to Singan Fu—Hardships Endured—Incidents.
Chapter XXXI.
Her Majesty the Empress Dowager (Continued)
Her Charities—Incident of the Boxer Rising—Widows’ Petition to the Empress Dowager—Her Majesty’s Action thereon—Her Extravagance—Extravagance in the Palace—Efforts of Past Emperors for Economy—Cost of Food in the Palace—Her Majesty’s Personal Extravagance—Her Jewels—Wardrobe—Examples of Her Economy—Her Patriotism—Scheme of Taxation—Her Penetration—Her Judgment—Her Prejudices—Sarcasm—Her Determination—Tact—Social Instinct—Reception of Young German Prince.
Chapter XXXII.
The Chinese New Year
Greatest Festival of the Year—Decorations of the Palace—Imitation Money—New Year’s Presents—Work on Portrait—Some Changes—Removal of the Court to Sea Palace—My Studio at Sea Palace—New Year’s Audience of Ladies of the Legation—Congratulations—Lantern Festival—The Illuminated Procession—The Double Dragon—The Flaming Pearl—Fireworks in the Palace—Day Rockets—Old Customs as to the Fireworks in the Palace Grounds.
Chapter XXXIII.
Continuation of the St. Louis Portrait
Propitious Date for Finishing it—Changing Ornaments—Frame for Portrait—Spring Days—Her Majesty’s Walks—Inspecting the New Buildings—The Jinrikisha—The Miniature Railway—Her Majesty’s Automobiles—Kite Flying—His Majesty the Emperor Plows and Sows the Seed of a Furrow.
Chapter XXXIV.
Finishing and Sending off the Portrait
Nineteenth Day of April—Invitations to Ladies of the Legation to see the Portrait—Visit of the Ladies to the Palace—The Portrait—Princes and Nobles see the “Sacred Picture”—Attempt to Photograph—Portrait taken to Wai-Wu-Pu—Visit of Corps Diplomatique—Packing the Portrait—Special Railway built from Foreign Office to Railway Station—Departure of Picture—En route—Tientsin—Shanghai—Embarkation for San Francisco—Reception by Prince Pu L’un and Imperial Commission at St. Louis—Unveiling the Portrait—Placing the Portrait in the Gallery of Fine Arts—Arrival at Washington—Presentation to the Government.
Chapter XXXV.
Return to the Summer Palace
Return to the Summer Palace—The Palace of the Emperor’s Father in Spring—The Grounds of the Summer Palace—The Studio—At Work Again—The Theater—His Majesty’s Theater Program—Work of the Vermilion Pencil—His Majesty’s Interest in the Russo-Japanese War—Spring Garden Party to the Ladies of the Legation—Another large Portrait of Her Majesty—Showing it to the Ladies—Her Majesty’s Desire for Highly Finished Detail—Her Delight in her New Hobby—Final Days.
List of Illustrations
Portrait of the Empress Dowager
The Empress and the Ladies of the Court in the Imperial Barge
Princesses of the Court
The Young Empress Ye-Ho-Na-Lah
At the American Legation, Peking
Chinese Architecture
On the Road from Peking to the Summer Palace
The Empress Dowager Writing a “Great Character”
The Empress Dowager in the Gardens of the Summer Palace
The Official Audience of Their Majesties
Old Ruins in the Summer Palace
The Secondary Wife of the Emperor
Pai-lou in the Grounds of the Summer Palace—on the Shore of the Lake
Princesses of the Court
Court in the Winter Palace—“Her Majesty Comes”
Confucian Temple—“Spirit-Stairway” in Central Flight of Steps
Prince Ching
The Author in Chinese Costume
Temple of Heaven—Peking
Altar to the Invisible Deity
Slave Girls
The Portrait of the Empress Dowager in its Frame

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With the Empress Dowager of China

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